The Evolution of Constitutional Control of Laws in Morocco and Its Impact on the Referential Question / تطور الرقابة على دستورية القوانين بالمغرب وأثره على المسألة المرجعية

نوع المستند : المقالة الأصلية

المؤلف

كلية العلوم القانونية والاقتصادية والاجنماعية اكدال - جامعة محمد الخامس - الرباط

المستخلص

The aim of control over the constitutionality of laws is to achieve a legal system where legal rules infra-constitutional are compatible, or at least, not inconsistent with the essence of the basic law, and thus the supremacy of the constitution is strengthened. In order for this control to take place, the constitutional judge relies on standards, principles and rules that constitute what is called the Constitutional bloc or referential question.
In Morocco, the extension of constitutional control from a priori to a posteriori, considered as the current trend in comparative constitutional law, can only affirm the kingdom's proactive action in favor of the protection of rights. According to a block of constitutionality that is being built, this extension will allow to control, not only the textual consistency of the norm in a dead letter, but also the practice and the experience that result from it, and which will open the door to extracting democratic interpretations of texts in order to enhance the protection of rights and freedoms.
 
The aim of this paper is to trace the evolutionary path of the control of the constitutionality of laws in Morocco along with clarifying the impact of this development on the issue of expanding the constitutional bloc and strengthening the protection of rights and freedoms. To this end, we have adopted an analytical approach to the texts according to a method that combines the historical approach and the comparative method.
 
تهدف الرقابة على دستورية القوانين إلى الوصول إلى نظام قانوني حيث تتوافق القواعد القانونية دون الدستورية، أو على الأقل، لا تتعارض مع جوهر القانون الأساسي) الدستور(، وبالتالي يتم تعزيز سيادة الدستور. ولكي تتم هذه الرقابة، يستند القاضي الدستوري إلى معايير ومبادئ وقواعد تشكل ما يطلق عليه بالكتلة الدستورية أو المسألة المرجعية.
 إن توسيع الرقابة الدستورية على القوانين في المغرب من الرقابة السابقة إلى اللاحقة عبر دسترة مسطرة الدفع بعدم الدستورية، والتي تُعتبر التوجه الجديد في القانون الدستوري المقارن، لا يمكن إلا أن يؤكد الإرادة الفعلية للمملكة المغربية في ضمان حماية الحقوق، إذ ستمكن هذه الرقابة، وفق الكتلة الدستورية التي تُبنى، من مساءلة النصوص القانونية ليس فقط بناء على الطابع النصي للقاعدة، ولكن أيضًا على الممارسة والتجربة الناتجة عنها وهو ما سيفتح الباب لاستخلاص التأويلات الديمقراطية للنصوص قصد تعزيز حماية الحقوق والحريات.
الهدف من هذه الورقة هو تتبع المسار التطوري للرقابة على دستورية القوانين في المغرب مع توضيح تأثير هذا التطور على مسألة توسيع الكتلة الدستورية وتعزيز حماية الحقوق والحريات. ولأجل ذلك فقد تبنينا مقاربة تحليلية للنصوص وفق منهج يزاوج بين المقاربة التاريخية والمنهج المقارن.

الكلمات الرئيسية

المراجع

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    1. Thesis
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    1. Laws
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    1. jurisprudence
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  • The decision of the First Chamber of the German Federal Constitutional Court on January 27, 2015, the German Federal Law Gazette (Bundesgesetzblatt), 2015.
    1. International conventions
  • The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1155, p. 331.

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