Disclosure in Public Procurement "A Comparative Study in EU and German Law" الإفصاح في المشتريات العامة "دراسة مقارنة في قانون الاتحاد الأوروبي والقانون الألماني"

نوع المستند : المقالة الأصلية

المؤلف

SULTAN QABOOS UNIVERSITY & Mansoura University

المستخلص

The study addresses disclosure rules in the European Procurement Act 2014 and the German Federal Procurement Act 2016. The transparency requirements in public procurement set out in the EU Directives have different understandings in legal systems, and the level of transparency can therefore vary significantly between EU countries. At the same time, transparency rules affect the ability of economic actors to participate in the procurement process, as excessive disclosure of information can encourage bid rigging, which leads to corruption in state contracts. Therefore, the study will focus on the extent of application of EU rules in the German legal system by analysing the relevant laws and judicial applications in this regard, as well as analysing the rulings of the Court of Justice of the European Union on procurement and Directive 2014/24/EC. The importance of the study is highlighted in determining the extent to which disclosure rules in European Union public procurement are applied in German legislation, in addition to examining how to achieve a balance between transparency and freedom of competition.
تعالج الدراسة قواعد الإفصاح في قانون المشتريات الأوروبي لعام 2014 وقانون المشتريات الفيدرالي الألماني لعام 2016. حيث يكون لمتطلبات الشفافية في مجال المشتريات العامة المنصوص عليها في توجيهات الاتحاد الأوروبي مفاهيم مختلفة في الأنظمة القانونية، ولذلك يمكن أن يختلف مستوى الشفافية بشكل كبير بين الدول الأعضاء في الاتحاد الأوروبي. وفي الوقت ذاته تؤثر قواعد الشفافية على قدرة الجهات الاقتصادية الفاعلة على المشاركة في عملية الشراء، حيث أن الكشف المفرط عن المعلومات يمكن أن يشجع على التلاعب في العطاءات، وهو ما يؤدي للفساد في عقود الدولة. ولذلك، ستركز الدراسة على مدى تطبيق قواعد الاتحاد الأوروبي في النظام القانوني الالماني من خلال تحليل القوانين ذات الصلة والتطبيقات القضائية في هذا الشأن، وكذلك تحليل أحكام محكمة العدل بالاتحاد الأوروبي بشأن المشتريات والتوجيه 2014/24/EC. وتبرز أهمية الدراسة في تحديد مدى تطبيق قواعد الإفصاح في المشتريات العامة للاتحاد الأوروبي في التشريع الألماني، بالإضافة إلى بحث كيفية تحقيق التوازن بين الشفافية وحرية المنافسة.

الكلمات الرئيسية

{"sdg_fld":["16"]}

المراجع

  • Bibliography:

    • Books:
    • Reinisch and S. W. Schill,Investment Protection Standards and the Rule of Law, Oxford University Press, 2023.
    • Sanchez-Graells, Public procurement and competition: some challenges arising from recent developments in EU public procurement law, Research Handbook on European Public Procurement, Forthcoming, 2013.
    • Sanchez-Graells, Public Procurement and the EU Competition Rules, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2015.
    • Sanchez-Graells, Smart Public Procurement and Labour Standards, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2018.
    • Sanchez-Graells, The difficult balance between transparency and competition in public procurement: Some recent trends in the case law of the European Courts and a look at the new Directives, University of Leicester School of Law Research, Paper 13, 2013.
    • Sanchez-Graells,K.-M. Halonen, R. Caranta, Transparency in EU Procurements, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2019.
    • Sołtysińska, E-procurement and the principle of transparency in public procurement in the European Union, E-Administracja: Skuteczna, Odpowiedzialna i Otwarta Administracja Publiczna w Unii Europejskiej, 2021. <https://doi.org/10.12797/9788381386739.08>
    • Bovis, Research Handbook on EU Public Procurement Law, Edward Elgar Publishing, Incorporatedm 2016.
    • L. Albano, and C. Nicholas, The law and economics of framework agreements, Cambridge University Press, 2016.
    • L. Albano, G. Spagnolo, and M. Zanza, Preventing collusion in procurement: A primer, Handbook of Procurement, Cambridge University Press, 2006.
    • Georgieva, Using Transparency against Corruption in Public Procurement’ Publishing, 2017.
    • V. Thai, International Handbook of Public Procurement, Taylor & Francis, 2017.
    • Bult-Spiering andG. Dewulf, Strategic Issues in Public-Private Partnerships, An International Perspective, Wiley, 2015.
    • Flynn، K. W. Buffington، R. Pennington, Legal Aspects of Public Procurement, Taylor & Francis, 2020.
    • Ines, Digital transformation of the German state, KOPS Universität Konstanz, 2021.
    • Fagbadebo and N. Dorasamy, Public Procurement, Corruption and the Crisis of Governance in Africa, Publishing 2021.
    • C. Marshall and L. M. Marx, The economics of collusion: Cartels and bidding rings, MIT Press, 2014.
    • Caranta and W. Janssen, Mandatory Sustainability Requirements in EU Public Procurement Law, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2023.
    • Xiansheng, Public Procurement in Chinese Law and Practice, Springer Nature Singapore, 2023.
    • Articles & Papers:
    • Sanchez-Graells, New CJEU Case Law against Excessive Disclosure: Quid de Open Data? (C‑54/21, and Joined C‑37/20 and C‑601/20)’ (2022) <https://www.howtocrackanut.com/blog/2022/11/22/cjeu-case-law-against-excessive-disclosure-quid-de-open-data#:~:text=In%20Antea%20Polska%2C%20the%20CJEU > accessed 7 September 2023.
    • Sanchez-Graells, Risk of Anti-Competitive Collusion after Excessive Level of Transparency in Public Procurement Debriefing?, European Law Blog, 2012, <https://europeanlawblog.eu/2012/10/08/risk-of-anti-competitive-collusion-after-too-excessive-level-of-transparency-in-public-procurement-debriefing-c-62911-p-evropaiki-dynamiki-v-commission/> accessed 12 September 2023.
    • Neamtu, and D. C. Dragos, Sustainable Public Procurement, 10(2) European Procurement & Public Private Partnership Law Review 2015.
    • LaCasse, Bid rigging and the threat of government prosecution, The RAND Journal of Economics, 1995.
    • Ratcliff, M. Wosyka, B. Martinello, and D. Franco, Public Procurement Contracts: Fact Sheets on the European Union European Parliament, (2023) Www.europarl.europa.eu. <https://www.europarl.europa.eu/factsheets/en/sheet/34/public-procurement-contracts#:~:text=The%20reform%20of%20public%20procurement> accessed 9 September 2023.
    • Bovis, The Nature and Character of the Public Markets and Their Effects on Public Procurement in the European Union, Studia Iuridica Lublinensia, 31, 2022, P. 9.
    • Bueren and J. Crowder, Sustainability and Competition Law in Germany, LIDC contributions on antitrust law, intellectual property and unfair competion (Print)m 2024, P.83.
    • Min and W.P. Galle, E-purchasing: profiles of adopters and nonadopters, 32(3) Industrial Marketing Management, 2023.
    • -G. Popa, Public Procurement Principles Generated by the Treaty of Rome, In International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 26(2), 2020.
    • J. Madzimure, Ch. Mafini and M. Dhurup, E-Procurement, Supplier Integration and Supply Chain Performance in Small and Medium Enterprises in South Africa, South African Journal of Business Management, 51, 2020.
    • Smith, Competition and transparency: what works for public procurement reform, Public Contract Law Journal, 2008.
    • Coates, J. Ysewyn, The CJEU Provides Guidance on the End Date in Case of a Bid-Rigging Cartel, Covington Competition, 2021, <https://www.covcompetition.com/2021/01/the-cjeu-provides-guidance-on-the-end-date-in-case-of-a-bid-rigging-cartel/#:~:text=In%20its%20preliminary%20ruling%20of> accessed 5 July 2023.
    • -M. Halonen, The many faces of transparency in EU Public Procurement, SSRN Electronic Journal 1, 2018, <https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3263269> accessed 10 July 2023.
    • Vollmer, Article 34 EU General Data Protection Regulation (EU-GDPR), (2023) <https://www.privacy-regulation.eu/en/article-34-communication-of-a-personal-data-breach-to-the-data-subject-GDPR.htm#:~:text=%22Communication%20of%20a%20personal%20data%20breach%20to%20the%20data%20subject%22&text=1 >accessed 12 September 2023.
    • Adrian, E-Prior: Electronic Procurement System for Public Administrations’ Joinup, (2017) <https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/collection/open-source-observatory-osor/document/e-prior-electronic-procurement-system-public-administrations> accessed 2 April 2023.
    • Soudry, Promoting economy: Electronic reverse auctions under the EC directives on public procurement, 4(1) Journal of Public Procurement 2004.
    • OECD ‘Guidelines for Fighting Bid Rigging in Public Procurement – OECD’ oecd.org. <https://www.oecd.org/competition/cartels/42851044.pdf.> Accessed 6 September 2023.
    • OECD ‘OECD Public Governance Reviews Public Procurement in Germany Strategic Dimensions for Well-being and Growth’ (OECD Publishing 2019). <https://doi.org/10.1787/1db30826-en> accessed 2 September 2023.
    • OECD ‘Public Procurement in Germany – OECD’ oecd.org. <https://www.oecd.org/gov/public-procurement/country-projects/public-procurement-germany/> accessed 5 September 2023.
    • OECD ‘Recommendation of the Council on Fighting Bid Rigging in Public Procurement’ OECD Legal Instruments (2012) <https://legalinstruments.oecd.org/en/instruments/OECD-LEGAL-0396> accessed 2 September 2023.
    • OECD ‘The use of strategic procurement in Germany’, in Public Procurement in Germany: Strategic Dimensions for Well-being and Growth (OECD Publishing 2019) 42. <https://doi.org/10.1787/280042ae-en > accessed 5 September 2023.
    • OECD 'Competition and Procurement – OECD' <oecd.org, 2011. https://www.oecd.org/daf/competition/sectors/48315205.pdf.> accessed 2 September 2023.
    • OECD 'OECD principles for integrity in public procurement’ (OECD Publishing 2009).9 < https://cor.europa.eu/en/engage/studies/Documents/Public-Procurement.pdf> accessed 5 September 2023.
    • OECD ‘OECD Public Governance Reviews SMEs in Public Procurement Practices and Strategies for Shared Benefits’ (OECD Publishing 2018). <https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/9789264307476-4-en/index.html?itemId=/content/component/9789264307476-4-en > accessed 5 September 2023.
    • Alexiadis and A. de Streel, Designing an EU Intervention Standard for Digital Platforms’ (papers.ssrn.com26 February 2020) <https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3544694> accessed 1 April 2024.
    • -A. Giosa, Do e-auctions increase the risk of bid-rigging?, 2018, <https://pure.port.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/15931910/Do_e_auctions_increase_the_risk_of_bid_rigging.pdf> accessed 10 July 2023.
    • Henty and R. Ashmore, Disclosure Rules within Public Procurement Procedures and during Contract Period in the United Kingdom, (www.elgaronline.com28 June 2019) 296 <https://www.elgaronline.com/edcollchap/edcoll/9781788975667/9781788975667.00020.xml> accessed 1 April 2024.
    • Telles and L. Butler, Public procurement award procedures in Directive 2014/24/EU, (2014) Novelties in the 2014 Directive on Public Procurement 1; European Commission ‘New Rules on Public Contracts and Concessions’(2014) < http://ec.europa.eu/growth/single-market/public-procurement/rules-implementation_en> Accessed 16 September 2023.
    • D. Anderson, W. E. Kovacic, and A. C. Müller, Ensuring integrity and competition in public procurement markets: a dual challenge for good governance, The WTO Regime on Government Procurement: Challenge and Reform, 2011, <https://content.unops.org/publications/ASR/ASR-supplement-2011_EN.pdf> accessed 8 May 2023.
    • Khorana, K. Ferguson-Boucher, and W. A. Kerr, Governance Issues in the EU's e-Procurement Framework, 53(2) Journal of Common Market Studies, 2015.
    • Statista Research Department 'GDP of European Countries 2022' Statista (20 June, 2023) <https://www.statista.com/statistics/685925/gdp-of-european-countries/#:~:text=Germany's%20economy%20has%20consistently%20had,of%20West%20and%20East%20Germany > accessed 5 September 2023.
    • K. Mackey and R. E. Cuomo, An interdisciplinary review of digital technologies to facilitate anti-corruption, transparency, and accountability in medicines procurement, 13(1) Global Health Action, 2020.
    • The World Bank Group, ‘Promotion of Smes/Local Content in Public Procurement Laws and Regulation’(2020)Public-Private-Partnership Legal Resource Center, <https://ppp.worldbank.org/public-private-partnership/promotion-smes-local-content-public-procurement-laws-and-regulation#:~:text=European%20Union,-Reference%3A%20Directive%202014&text=The%20directive%20provides%20guidance%20on,contracts%20into%20multiple%20smaller%20contracts> accessed 5 September 2023.
    • United Nations ‘Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention against Corruption’ United Nations : Office on Drugs and Crime <https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/corruption/COSP/conference-of-the-states-parties.html>Accessed 6 September 2023.
    • Alessandro, M. Alessandrini, Paul Negrila, and Pietro Celotti, ‘Public Procurement - European Committee of the regions, (2019) 5. <https://cor.europa.eu/en/engage/studies/Documents/Public-Procurement.pdf> accessed 5 September 2023.
    • Legislations:
    • The Regulation (EC) No 1049/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council regarding public access to European Parliament, Council and Commission documents [2001] OJ L145/43.
    • Regulation (EC) No 2195/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 November 2002 on the Common Procurement Vocabulary (CPV) (Text with EEA Relevance).
    • DIRECTIVE 2004/18/EC of the EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT and of the COUNCIL of 31 March 2004 on the Coordination of Procedures for the Award of Public Works Contracts, Public Supply Contracts and Public Service Contracts.
    • Procurement Directive 2014/23/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2014 [2014] 0J L 94/2.
    • Procurement Directive 2014/24/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2014 on public procurement and repealing Directive 2004/18/EC [2014] 0J L 94/65.
    • Procurement Directive 2014/25/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2014 on Procurement by Entities Operating in the Water, Energy, Transport and Postal Services Sectors and Repealing Directive 2004/17/EC Text with EEA Relevance [2014] OJ L 94/243.
    • Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/1986 of 11 November 2015 establishing standard forms for the publication of notices in the field of public procurement and repealing Implementing Regulation (EU) No 842/2011 (Text with EEA relevance) [2015] OJL 296/1.
    • Act against Restraints on Competition (GWB) 2016.
    • Ordinance on the Award of Public Contracts (Procurement Ordinance (Vergabeverordnung – VgV)) of 12 April 2016 [2016] /624.
    • European Commission, Notice on tools to fight collusion in public procurement and on guidance on how to apply the related exclusion ground 2021/C 91/01 C/2021/1631.
    • Case – Law:

    The European Court of Justice:

    - 25 April 1996, C-87/94.

    - 7 December 2000, C-324/98.

    - 29 April 2004, C-496/99.

    - 3 March 2005, C-21/03.

    - 24 November 2005, C-331/04.

    - 15 May 2008, C-147/06.

    - 19 June 2008, C-454/06.

    - 9 June 2009, C-480/06.

    - 30 June 2009 - 2 BvE 2/08.

    - 13 April 2010, C-91/08.

    - 30 September 2010, C-314/09.

    - 27.02.2013, OVG 6 B 34.12.

    - 11 September 2014, C-19/13.

    - 12 March 2015, C-538/13.

    - 7 September 2016, C-549/14.

    - 17 January 2017 - 2 BvB 1/13.

    - 4 May 2017, C-387/14.

    - 28 September 2017.

    - 20 September 2018, C-518/17.

    - 19 December 2018, C‑216/17.

    - 30 July 2019 - 2 BvR 1685/14.

    - 17 June 2021, C-23/20.

     German Rrulings:

    - BVerwG, Urteil vom 13.12.2012 - 3 C 32.11.

    - BVerwG, Urteil vom 24.10.2019 - 3 C 21.17.

    - BVerwG, Urteil vom 22.06.2020 - 8 CN 1.19.

    - BVerwG, Urteil vom 15.12.2020 - 10 C 24.19.

    - BVerwG, Urteil vom 01.06.2023 - 8 C 3.22.

    - The Bundeskartellamt, B9-67/21, 3 April 2023.

ملفات

شارك

إرسال الاستشهاد إلى

الإحصائيات